what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?

The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. Armed with these advances, Bartholomew Dias reached the tip of Africa in 1487, naming it the Cape of Good Hope. Using the explorers first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached America to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck. The Economic Causes of European Maritime Exploration Various economic factors led some European monarchs, royal families, and states to support early maritime explorations financially. Far from being unified and content under Aztec rule, many peoples in Mexico resented it and were ready to rebel. In the BFA programs, students receive practical training through the progression of hands-on projects that increase in complexity. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. This map traces Coronados path through the American Southwest and the Great Plains. In 1519, he entered Tenochtitln, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 . In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). Columbus held erroneous views that shaped his thinking about what he would encounter as he sailed west. The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel. answer choices. 2 Why was exploration so important to Spain? The Spanish quickly set out to explore, conquer, and colonize, which was bad news for the Amerindians who got in their way as they launched their empire. Causes and Effects of Spanish Exploration and Colonization Spain played a critical part in the exploration and colonization of the Americas. The extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European colonization of the Americas. Beyond the splendor of the architecture of the missions, what we see today is the cumulative effect of a historic process Spain triggered with its efforts to govern and Christianize the New World, thereby culturally changing the land and people forever. Dutch & Spanish Dominance in South & Southeast Asia, The Italian Wars and Weakening of Papal Authority, Protestant Reformation on Germany | History, Effects & Impacts. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. One of this periods most famous works is the novel The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, by Miguel de Cervantes. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable natives, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. Then, when they found Amerindians, they wanted to colonize and convert them, as well as have access to their gold. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. In the 1540s, Francisco Vsquez de Coronado crossed the Rio Grande and traveled up the Colorado River. 3 What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. positivism constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Columbus' discoveries also shifted the reasons behind Spanish exploration from trade to empire-building and exploration. In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. With financial assistance from the maritime enthusiast Prince Henry the Navigator and the invention of lateen or triangular sails, the Portuguese opened trading routes along the African coast. How did explorers born in Portugal impact the world? Those who resisted were punished by a system called encomienda, in which natives were assigned to settlers through land grants as part of a deal. Elmina Castle on the west coast of Ghana was used as a holding pen for slaves before they were brought across the Atlantic and sold. From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. They also attempted, sometimes more successfully than others, to conquer the Amerindians and force them to work and pay tribute. The carrack first appeared, historians believe, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. Notes FAQ Contact . On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. spices, of Asia. Overview. While the Portuguese built a maritime trading empire in Africa and Asia, the Spanish built a territorial empire in the Americas . Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. Probanzas de mritos featured glowing descriptions of lands of plenty. | 22 Below are excerpts from Columbuss 1493 letter to Luis de Santngel, which illustrates how fantastic reports from European explorers gave rise to many myths surrounding the Spanish conquest and the New World. Over two centuries, the Spanish established an empire over two continents that changed the lives of the Amerindians, the very face of the land itself, and indeed, the entire world. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. In this instance, Cortes actually operated without approval from the Spanish crown or the governor of the Cuban colony because he desired a chance to make his own name and wealth without the credit going to his superiors. Spanish and Portuguese exploration brought a variety of Western ideas to the new world, including dress and leadership positions like that of the governor. Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. For example, the mariner's astrolabe, which helped to plot location by measuring the altitude of the sun and stars. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. Bartolome de Las Casas speaks with the Amerindians, then with the Spanish leaders. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages. What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. Often I have sent two or three men ashore to some town to converse with them, and the natives came out in great numbers, and as soon as they saw our men arrive, fled without a moments delay although I protected them from all injury. They also found a sea route to India. This slave trade also came into greater usage when the Portuguese followed the Spanish in setting their sights across the Atlantic, colonizing Brazil in the 1530s. He spent most of his life in the Americas advocating for the natives. Her specialties include early modern European history, gender history, and music history. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. The Spanish fleeing from an Aztec force. Thereafter, Vasco de Gama rounded the horn and actually reached India in 1498, allowing the Portuguese to succeed in their ultimate aim of establishing a direct connection with the spice trade. As many of those eventually sank, shipwrecks may represent a local source of mercury contamination in the marine environment. This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. The 1492 Columbus landfall accelerated the rivalry between Spain and Portugal, and the two powers vied for domination through the acquisition of new lands. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? What lands did Spain lay claim to and how did the Portuguese react? It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. Q. Henry the Navigator. Motivated by curiosity, a desire to expand into new places, a longing to spread Christianity, and especially, a hope to tap into the lucrative Far East trade, Europeans of the 15th and 16th centuries looked outward and began to explore their world. Spain. During the winter of 154041, the explorers waged war against the Tiwa in present-day New Mexico. The motives that spur human beings to examine their environment are many. In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Corts later explored the Yucatn Peninsula. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. When the Immortal had Thrash's set, the Dimensional lords had no choice, but to give up a huge part of Alphen to the Immortal's army. 1015 Words. AP European History: The Age of Expansion, The Market Economy in 17th Century Europe, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Age of Discovery and the Conquistadors, AP European History: Overview of the Renaissance, AP European History: Renaissance Philosophy, Art & Literature, AP European History: Reformation Roots & Teachings, AP European History: The Reformation's Effects Across Europe, The Old World and New World: Why Europeans Sailed to the Americas, Portuguese and Spanish Empires: Growth in the New World & Asia, The Columbian Exchange, Global Trade & Mercantilism, Triangular Trade: Route, System & Role in Slavery, The Commercial Revolution: Economic Impact of Exploration and Colonization on Europe, Spreading Religion in the Age of Exploration, AP European History: The Rise of Monarchical Nation States, AP European History: English History (1450-1700), AP European History: The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, AP European History: The French Revolution, AP European History: The Napoleonic Empire, AP European History: 19th Century Revolutionary Movements, AP European History: The First Industrial Revolution, AP European History: Unifications of Nation States in the 19th Century, AP European History: Russia After World War I, AP European History: Integration: Europe after the Soviet Union, Developing and Writing Your AP Exam Essay, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, AP European History: Homework Help Resource, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, High School US History: Homework Help Resource, High School US History: Tutoring Solution, Roman God Pluto of the Underworld: Facts & Overview, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite's Mystical Theology, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Recognize the exploration of the Portuguese and Spanish Empires, Identify the African and Brazilian expansion by Portugal, Describe the Spanish conquerors and conquest of South and Central America. His patronage allowed some of the most important Portuguese expeditions to take place. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European expansion across the Atlantic. Their goals were to expand Catholicism and to gain a commercial advantage over Portugal. Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. De Gama's successful venture created a greater demand than ever before for overseas trades along the African coast. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. The Spanish looked south in the 1530s and 1540s. The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America ([link]); Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. . Over the next two centuries, a string of explorers and conquistadors, or military conquerors, claimed territory after territory for the ever-widening Spanish empire. An error occurred trying to load this video. He believed that, using calculations based on other mariners journeys, he could chart a westward route to India, which could be used to expand European trade and spread Christianity. Portuguese explorers were excellent navigators. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. It didn't take long for other Spaniards to realize that Columbus had stumbled upon something completely new, and they decided to stay. The Portuguese expanded in wealth and founded the international slave trade, an institution whose ramifications would haunt Atlantic history until the nineteenth century. Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. Finally, they also desired to build an empire and spread Catholicism. During the Spanish colonial era, ships frequently transported mercury across the Atlantic to the New World to be used in gold mining. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. Spanish . found and claimed Pacific Ocean for Spain and called it the south sea Hernando Cortes 1519- to find gold glory and god. They also found a sea route to India. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. The Portuguese established a European trading post empire to capitalize on their superior navigation skills and tap into existing African trade routes. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. The Portuguese built an empire from 1420 onwards that was largely composed of trade centres dotted around the coasts of three continents. Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. They were looking for something new and different, and they were ready to push beyond Europe to find it. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. The Reconquista marked another step forward in the process of making Spain an imperial power, and Ferdinand and Isabella were now ready to look further afield. Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. While disease killed populations. Open Document. The Spanish then murdered hundreds of high-ranking Mexica during a festival to celebrate Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. Portuguese success in exploration depended on maritime technological advances, especially caravel ships with lateen sails that were triangular in shape and gave Europeans the advantage of finally sailing in both directions along the African coast. In this context, evaluating mercury contamination in coastal sediments and mercury magnification in marine food webs is crucial for . Posted on . They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. Spurred by Christopher Columbuss glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. The Jesuits attempted to covert the natives to Christianity, but most of the other colonists were more interested in pushing west to find gold and silver. The Portuguese were very pleased by this achievement, and they soon dominated the East Indies trade. They traded up the Zambezi river and interfered with the existing inland African trade. These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. Finally, Vasco de Gama arrived in India and came back with a nice, profitable load of spices in 1499. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. As Western Europe transitioned from the regional divides of the middle ages to stronger centralized countries, kings and queens looked for ways of expanding their spheres of influence and world outlooks. In August 1521, having successfully fomented civil war as well as fended off rival Spanish explorers, Corts claimed Tenochtitln for Spain and renamed it Mexico City. Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? When the Spanish captured Granada in 1492, it allowed the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, to listen to the arguments of the Genoese sea captain, Christopher Columbus, and his claims that he could find a shorter route to the Far East. In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. SE. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. Indeed, the Renaissance world was looking outward. Corts and his people fled for their lives, running down one of Tenochtitlns causeways to safety on the shore. Francisco Vsquez de Coronado was born into a noble family and went to Mexico, then called New Spain, in 1535. Christopher Columbus incorrectly believed he had found India when he landed at San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492. Starting in 1485, he approached Genoese, Venetian, Portuguese, English, and Spanish monarchs, asking for ships and funding to explore this westward route. Such problems only created possibilities for new solutions as European colonies and trade cropped up around the world. Source for information on Spanish Exploration and Colonization: Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery . People were curious, interested, and eager for fresh experiences and observations. Spains most famous explorer, Christopher Columbus, was actually from Genoa, Italy. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. In short, the actions of the Portuguese and Spanish established a permanent European presence in the New World and set the stage for future conflict and historical movements. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. Everywhere they traveled, they brought European diseases, which claimed thousands of native lives as well as the lives of the explorers. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. The Portuguese led the way as explorers sponsored by Prince Henry the Navigator sailed down the coast of Africa, establishing a profitable trade in gold and slaves. 101 Independence Ave. This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World. They wanted to spread catholic culture in whole world. What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? Corts arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and took part in the conquest of that island. What were three outcomes of Spanish Exploration? NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. How did Exploration impact the world? Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. 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It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitln, which they did by laying siege to the city. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Columbus' reports about the many people already living in the New World prompted Queen Isabel to consider them under her protection as members of the Spanish Empire, promising to bring them to the Catholic faith and wanting them to be fairly treated. One of the greatest lasting effects of Spanish incursion into Latin America was the . At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . Islamic states had dominated. What was the impact of Vasco de Gamas exploration? Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era Hogwarts Legacy is a third-person action-adventure game with some minor RPG and exploration folded into the mix. Bartholomew Dias found the Cape of Good Hope, while his successor Vasco de Gama made it to India, where he realized Portuguese dreams of having a direct spice trade link and allowed the Portuguese to dominate the trade. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. At the height of the middle ages, the Mongol Empire had kept open borders throughout Asia and into Europe along the Silk Road, allowing spices and other luxury goods to flow freely from the Far East. poway high school bell schedule 2021. Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic encounters set in motion the Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from first contact through the Age of Exploration (1500-1599). explored ante empire in Mexico. They also had different strategies that helped them make progress through their travels of the ocean. European exploration, exploration of regions of Earth for scientific, commercial, religious, military, and other purposes by Europeans, beginning about the 4th century bce.