Written March 01, 2015 by Web Services Editor, Guarini School of Graduate & Advanced Studies, Copyright 2023 Trustees of Dartmouth College. Working with both kp and Abaku leaders, he has documented the foundation of the society in 19th . This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. The destruction of Obutong occurred in 1854. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the initiation society called kp, or "leopard," which was the highest indigenous authority. Although Behrendt and Graham reveal that Calabar had been a major trading port since the first half of the seventeenth century, Efik historians such as Aye assert that the Efik had been trading with the Europeans since the last quarter of the 15th century.
wikipedia.en/Akpakip_Oro.md at main chinapedia/wikipedia.en Formerly the society earned a bad reputation due to what the British viewed as the barbarous customs that were intermingled with its rites. Lawino says that her husband's house is a "dark forest of _______________________". [33] Abasi was angered by the Uruan woman and cursed the Uruan people who started to punish her for her insubordination. Several accounts have been given on the migration from Creek town to Obutong. Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. What role does religion play in society today? That it was through the Qua [an Ejagham or Ekoi stock], that the secret of Ekpe cult diffused to Calabar. The society combines a kind of freemasonry with political and law enforcing aims. The society is somewhat akin to a free mason group and does some unofficial law enforcement. [41] Latham hypothesizes that the Efik may have arrived before the middle of the seventeenth century.
Each ukara is highly individualized and clearly produced to be worn by a specific Ekpe member or to mark a specific Ekpe lodge. The Efik language was also spoken in several communities in Western Cameroon. Collection of Eli Bentor. In part because of their appropriation, exclusive use, and understanding of nsibidi, Ekpe members in the pre-colonial past were thought to have access to the spiritual realm and were, therefore, empowered to make and enforce societal rules and norms. [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century.
Efik people - Wikipedia Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. [52] On the death of Chief Willy Tom Robins, a number of rituals were performed. For the first time in history, Ekpe had a presentation at the highest institution of cultural anthropology in the world, the Smithsonian Museum. Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. I Am Niki Buroro Agbor Ekpe Jerome a holder of a professional Masters in Forestry and wildlife Engineering with focus on Protected Area Management, Masters of Science in Forest Governance and policies from University of Dschang and Professional Masters in Environmental Science (ESIA) university of Yaounde 1. Ikpa Ene was a virgin island on the banks of the Cross river. It became a truly multi-group society, finding its' way to almost all groups in the region and gaining dominance in . [33][35] The Efik came to her defence and the dispute escalataed[34] Legend has it that this was the last straw that led to the Uruan-Efik war (known in Efik as Ek Abasi-Anwan) which led to the exit of the Efik from the Uruan country.
(PDF) Evaluating the Place of the Ekpe Traditional Institution as a LEFT Ekpe cage during Ikot Ekpe ritual in 2009. In Amos Tutuola's The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator leaves his home and begins his adventure in the bush when: In the excerpt that we read from The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator and his wife encounter: In the Song of Lawino, by Okot p'Bitek, a woman speaks to: Lawino's husband's new wife is called _______________________(Either of two possible answers) in the text. (Ed.). The Efik Language and Its Future. Ekpe means leopard, not lion. The Efik (Calabar) caste structure of Ekpe . "[20] Other trading items sold by the Efik included rubber, ivory, barwood and redwood. Hope Waddell, Samuel Edgerley and four others.
African art - Igbo | Britannica The society is now seen as a fraternity along the masonic lines which tries to represent the interest of Efiks.
African Script - Culture - Nigeria of Old Calabar by the Ekpe secret society, which was controlled by the towns merchant houses. . the exhibition explores the long- [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. The Ogboni is a fraternity indigenous to Nigeria, Benin and Togo.
PDF (PDF) Lalimentazione In Ostaggio Le Mani Delle Multinazionali Su Quel Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago (E.O.Efiong-Fuller, 1996). It is uncertain when Obutong was founded but most Efik scholars hypothesize that it was founded in the 16th century. The kp ("leopard") society represents an ancient African institution that provided the supreme functions of governance in the communal societies of the forest regions of the Cross-River basin and the hilly terrain to the east, in what is called today southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. Sunjata's aunt, Tenenba Conde, childless herself, must raise the child Fakoli, son of Kosiya Kante, after Kosiya sacrifices herself for her brother's sake. Oral tradition has it that the Efik arrived Uruan in four groups i.e. Talbot asserts that a great cotton tree had fallen down on many of the Abayen and in their pride of numbers, they believed they could hold the cotton tree. [37] The Uruan invasion at Ikpa Ene is believed to be the origin of the Efik saying, "Ama okut Ibibio, ku n enye ika, Idem amasat Ibibio eyewot owo"(English: When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you). A reconsideration of kp and Abaku suggests an agenda for the study of kp in diaspora from a different perspective. In the culture we have discussed, the term nyama refers to: the power which exists in all things, which can be controlled only by special persons. http://Ekpesociety.blogspot.com; www.ekpe.org; http://Ekpesocietyusa.blogspot.com; http://ndiboyevengo.blogspot.com, Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting, Ekpe Chief Maurice Enoh's funeral in Dallas on January 27th and 28th 2012, Maurice Enoh: The 1st Manyu Ekpe USA Sessekou to die in USA, Maurice Enoh returning from his crowning ceremony as Ekpe Chief in Kepelle Village, Ekpe-USA received at the Smithsonian Museum. The earliest list of Efik traders is provided in Jean Barbot's manuscript which was later printed in 1732.
Walt Disney World at 50: The History of Disney's - Disney Matters This exhibition, on view from April 18 to August 2, was organized by the Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, and generously supported by the William B. Jaffe and Evelyn A. [62][63] The first missionaries arrived in 1846. Jeffreys states that a disruption among the Okobo around the town of Ekeya in the Eket district led to the founding of Obutong. [5]
PDF Symbolic values of clothing and textiles art in traditional and 2017). LEFT Mgballa Ekpe lodge with Ekpe members, Arochukwu, southeastern Nigeria. For the surname, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Art and Life in Africa: Eket Information" University of Iowa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekpe&oldid=1101939539, This page was last edited on 2 August 2022, at 15:27. Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin.
Traditional societies and social change in Nigeria: a study of Ekpe Prior to the introduction of industrialised cubic-shaped seasonings such as maggi and know, Crayfish was used to make meals more spicy. [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. Hugh, Goldie. The ethnic group to which most of the characters belong is the __________________people. Barbot documents that between 1698 and 1699, payments for provisions were made at Calabar to the following chiefs; Duke Aphrom, King Robin, Mettinon, King Ebrero, King John, King Oyo, William King Agbisherea, Robin King Agbisherea, and Old King Robin. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. The Ekpe society may be regarded as one of the most important institutions among the Efik people. One-word searches work best.Use AND to require multiple terms: LEFT Small ukara with minute patterned design and Omu Aro symbol. This site uses cookies to help personalize content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. [67] As of 1877, Alexander Ross reported that thirteen towns in the Cameroon region speak Efik and had an aggregate population of about 22,000. It is also used by the Igbo and Efik. . [59] Ekpe is first mentioned in the historical literature of Old Calabar in the 1770s. Now we can't sell slaves again we must have too much man for country; and want something for make work and trade, and if we could get seed for cotton and coffee we could make trade. Aye provides the following names among these priest-kings including Ema Atai Iboku, Ekpe Atai Iboku, Ukpong Atai Iboku. Ethnographic - (Head crest, Ejagham People): Worn by a member of the Ekpe Society to intimidate and punish anyone who has broken tribal law. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the BenueCongo subfamily of the Niger-Congo language group. Hood Quarterly, spring 2015 This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. History The Ekoi people, while all speaking the same language, have not tended to live in complete unison. Cameroon with the Ekpe cult.
Two nations; one language, culture - Daily Trust Although used exclusively by members of Ekpe, ukara is produced by a sub-group in a village of the Ezillo community in present-day Ebonyi State in the Igbo area in southeastern Nigeria. The practice and display of Ekpe masquerade have been modified. Historians recognize the advent and rapid rise of Ekpe as a direct result of a need for a new and effective mechanism of sociopolitical control in the complex economic environment created by the Atlantic slave trade. [40] The outcome of the fall of the tree led to several deaths in their clan.
Black Spirituality Religion : - Ekpe Society | Destee - Black As the slave trade was declining due to the strong global campaign against it, the effects on slave trading ports along the African coast was greatly experienced. Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . Among these cuisines include Ekpang nkukwo, Edikang Ikong, Afia efere, Anyan Ekpang, Afang soup and several others.
The Ekale and their famous shaking shoulders performing at the "Under the Volcano Festival", Limbe Cameroon. Photo by Eli Bentor. On behalf of Ekpe-USA Leadership, I hereby remind every member of Ngbe who has taken the aoth that our fathers and great grand fathers took to uphold those sacred traditions and beliefs, to immediately start preparations to do what they must do to send our brother to join our ancestors. English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. nineteenth centuries, no large kingdoms controlled Nigeria and Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. These artists sew the white cloths with raffia thread so that parts of the ukara (in a pattern of nsibidi symbols) will not be exposed during the dyeing process. After the Efik had settled at Ikpa Ene, a party of men from Uruan arrived at Ikpa Ene. She said as a member of the Ekpe Society of the Efiks, she participates in the Ekpe activities.
The Social Significance and Implications of the Ekpe - PhilArchive Sunjata's victory against Sumaworo comes in part because: Sumaworo loses the support of his nephew, Fakoli. [45] internal dissensions and population expansion led to the movement of several families from Creek Town to Obutong, Atakpa, Nsidung and Ekoretonko. Several periods have been estimated by foreign scholars and indigenous historians. [76] Palm wine is acquired by making an incision on the palm tree, a process known as "tapping".
EKPE SOCIETY - Blogger All willing to engage respectfully are welcome. [39] At Ndodoghi, the Efik priest-king Ema Atai Ema Atai died and was succeeded by his son Eyo Ema Atai Ema Atai Iboku. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the 16, 2014 3 likes 6,498 views Download Now Download to read offline Education Spiritual Technology A short description of the ancient Ekpe Masquerade and its cultural and spiritual significance, in the life of the people of the Cross River basin. [47] At the time of their exit from Creek town, the reigning monarch of Creek town was their half brother Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai. Prior to Akak, the theory were proposed at the Hart's enquiry by Chief Offiong Abasi Ntiero Effiwatt and Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku.[25][26]. As a child, Sunjata at first looks unpromising because: In one of the most dramatic episodes in the Sunjata Epic, Sunjata first begins to demonstrate his extraordinary abilities when he: avenges an insult to his mother by uprooting a tree and placing it in front of her house. The presentation, by Ekpe members from Cameroon, Nigeria and Cuba was arranged by Chief Dr. Ivor Miller and coordinated by Sessekous Ojong-Orock, Joseph Mbu and Mbe Tazi. The area from which the Sunjata Epic comes was historically: the geographical location of the great medieval African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. [1] The trade-off is that the Amama often control the majority of the community wealth. They came from Mbiak Creek in Ibibio country. Aye dates the arrival of the Efik in Creek Town to the fourteenth century. To cast light on African perspectives, and on the point of view of enslaved men and women, this group of top Africanist scholars has examined both conventional historical sources (e.g., European. In the Song of Ocol, Lawino's husband gives his side, arguing that: Ocol throws Lawino out of his house because: Ocol says that "__________________________ are chains around the neck, chains of slavery". Photo by Eli Bentor. Gelede Egbe: Yoruba Women's Sacred Society. [48] Jeffreys theory is unpopular with a large majority of the Efik. [32] Another theory states that there was a disagreement between an Efik woman known as Abasi and an Uruan woman. Among these laws were the Abolition of twin-killings, abolition of the esere bean ordeal, abolition of human sacrifices and several other practices. A fraternal society that emerged in the western culture between the 16th and 7th century. Upon leaving the Cameroon territory, the Ibibio arrived at their present location following two major directions. James Beale Horton made a similar assertion in 1868 where he asserted that all the communities of the Niger-delta are traced to the Igbo. According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see. The most popular migration account within the Nigerian space asserts that the Efik people lived at Ibom in the present-day Arochukwu and migrated from Ibom to Uruan. Alcoholic content may be increased via adding the red bark of Edat (Sacoglottis gabonensis) to the wine. To be a member, one must be a part of Yoruba nobility. Bell of King Eyo Honesty II at Creek Town, Ekeng ita (also known as James Henshaw), Obong of Henshaw Town (c.a 1875). (Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death).
PDF Evaluating the Place of the Ekpe Traditional Institution as a - CORE Dropping by to say, "Hi!" through the Illuminati Iwas able to become rich, and have many industry on myown and become famous and popular in my country , todayme and my family is living happily and I am the mosthappiest man here is the opportunity for you to join theIlluminati and become rich and famous in life and be likeother people and you life we be change totally.If you areinterested in joining the great brotherhood Illuminati.thencontact him +2348106618681 or for more information +1(705)8062021 email:illuminatibrotherpowerful@gmail.com or you need my assistance email:danjerry04@gmail.com Shame to the Manyu people and great men o Manyu, that you as enlightened as I know will willfully distort a tradition that back dates as long as 400 to 800hundred. According to Historians, this technique of indigo-dyeing was developed in the Dogon kingdom in Mali (West Africa) dating back to the 11th century. [32] The men were wet and complained of hunger and fatigue. Oral tradition holds that a type of clothing known as "Itu ita" was the earliest fabric imported into Old Calabar. Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . Aye and Eyo Okon Akak. Another theory which is narrated by Forde and Jones states that the name "Efik" translates to "Tyrants" or "He who oppresses" and was the name of which the Efik called themselves after they had settled at Creek town.[12]. Photo by Jordan Fenton. Powered by, Ukara cloth detail, Etara community, Cross River State, Nigeria, Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African Diaspora, Introduction: Spirit Dancers, Water Deities & Mystics in the Cross River Basin and in Cuba, Upcoming film project: Seven year kp ritual cycle, Ntufam Bob Oku literature, music and drawings, Calabar Mgb International Journal / Revista Internacional, Calabar-Cuba Radio with Ene Ita and Ivor Miller, Manyu kp Funeral Rites in Yaounde, 2019, Ivor Miller research archive at Amherst College, Manyu kp procession in Yaound, March 29, 2019, Poster for funeral of Seseku Stephen Tataw (1948-2019), Tortoise shell instrument is played in the funerary procession, kp mask purifies the hearse before the procession begins, Funerary shrine representing the sacred forest of kp, kp members surround the shrine for the final rites.
The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. The images, ideology, and secrecy associated with kp have been studied for more than one hundred years, and yet crucial features of the history of kp and its transformation have been neglected. Today, it is no longer the same Ekpe society of decades ago. In his well researched thesis titled "Ekpe Imperium in South Eastern Nigeria", Anwana (2002) identified a plenitude of evidences to validate the Ejagham/Ekoi origins of the Ekpe society.
Nsibidi/Ekpuk Philosophy and Mysticism - Academia.edu The Ekpe society most likely originated among the Efik people of southern Nigeria and from there spread across other tribes and language groups in Southern Nigeria.
ekpe society cameroon - impactonoticia.news But most importantly, it should be mentioned that if its members did not support the ostensible reality of ekpe, as a thing to be feared and appeased, then the [82] The name Itu ita translates to three manatees and is named because the masts of the ship resembled the manatee (Itu). Charles Ekpo Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Nigeria The Cross River region is a vast socio-cultural mosaic which accommodates peoples of distinct ethnic, religious, social, economic and. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors ( ikan ). La communaut cubaine Abakudescendante des communauts fik Ekp et Ejagham gb du Sud Est du Nigria et du Sud Ouest du Camerouna t fonde la Havane dans les annes 1830 par des leaders capturs des villages de Cross River. The Ekpe Society or Mgbe society as it is also fondly called is very reputable and covers a wider range of ethnic groups such as: the Efut; the Efik; the Qua-Ejegham, and the Okonko ( the Igbo-speaking areas).