cesium oxide and water cesium oxide and water

CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Oxides of Group 1 elements also react with water to create basic solutions. [12], It is highly pyrophoric: the autoignition temperature of caesium is 116C (177F), and it ignites explosively in air to form caesium hydroxide and various oxides. Naturally occurring sources of radiation are cosmic radiation from space or radioactive materials in soil or building materials. One notable reaction within this group is aluminum's (Al) reaction with water. [89] This technology is used primarily in the isolation of viral particles, subcellular organelles and fractions, and nucleic acids from biological samples. The concentration of natural cesium in air is generally less than 1 nanogram (1 nanogram equals 1/1,000,000,000 of a gram) per cubic meter of air (ng/m3). [107] Caesium and rubidium have been added as a carbonate to glass because they reduce electrical conductivity and improve stability and durability of fibre optics and night vision devices. cesium tungsten oxide - - | Reverso Context In such cases, follow the advice of public health officials who will publish guidelines for reducing exposure to radioactive material when necessary. The aluminium sulfate component is converted to insoluble aluminium oxide by roasting the alum with carbon, and the resulting product is leached with water to yield a Cs2SO4 solution. Cs2O is hygroscopic, forming the corrosive CsOH on contact with water. [93] It has been used in agriculture, cancer treatment, and the sterilization of food, sewage sludge, and surgical equipment. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health [80] Caesium clocks regulate the timing of cell phone networks and the Internet.[81]. Caesium vapour is used in many common magnetometers. Cesium oxide react with water Cs 2 O + H 2 O 2CsOH [ Check the balance ] Cesium oxide react with water to produce cesium hydroxide. Is there a medical test to determine whether i have been exposed to cesium? Cesium Oxide | AMERICAN ELEMENTS In fact, boron (B) does not react at with water. Because of its abundance on earth, it is important to note that it is involved in many chemical reactions. Studies utilizing metal oxides adsorbents such as titanium oxide are well documented [32], [33], . [12], Roasting pollucite with calcium carbonate and calcium chloride yields insoluble calcium silicates and soluble caesium chloride. Because Cs-137 bonds with chlorides to make a crystalline powder, it reacts in the environment like table salt (sodium chloride): Small quantities of Cs-137 can be found in the environment from nuclear weapons and from nuclear reactor accidents. lithium superoxide sodium superoxide potassium superoxide . Description. To supply the developing market, Cabot Corporation built a production plant in 1997 at the Tanco mine near Bernic Lake in Manitoba, with a capacity of 12,000 barrels (1,900m3) per year of caesium formate solution. This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for cesium. What is the chemical equation for the reaction between Caesium and water? Uses: The thermal decomposition of the azide is employed as a method of producing extremely pure, oxygen-free cesium. 4770 Buford Highway Alkali metals are also known to react violently and explosively with water. Completion fluids assist the emplacement of control hardware after drilling but prior to production by maintaining the pressure. Caesium (cesium in USA) metal reacts rapidly with water to form a colourless basic solution of caesium hydroxide (CsOH) and hydrogen gas (H2). [69], The price of 99.8% pure caesium (metal basis) in 2009 was about $10 per gram ($280/oz), but the compounds are significantly cheaper. One way to see if a chemical will hurt people is to learn how the chemical is absorbed, used, and released by the body. The wicked water is now being collected in large tanks that were hastily built near the wrecked reactors. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Sodium carbonate precipitates out the Mg+2 and Ca+2 ions out as the respective metal carbonates and introduces Na+ ions into the solutions. The high water solubility is a disadvantage which makes it incompatible with large pool irradiators for food and medical supplies. [12] The caesium standard is the primary standard for standards-compliant time and frequency measurements. Stable and radioactive cesium can enter your body from the food you eat or the water you drink, from the air you breathe, or from contact with your skin. Friestad, Gregory K.; Branchaud, Bruce P.; Navarrini, Walter and Sansotera, Maurizio (2007) "Cesium Fluoride" in, General Conference on Weights and Measures, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, "NIST Radionuclide Half-Life Measurements", "History of the recommended atomic-weight values from 1882 to 1997: a comparison of differences from current values to the estimated uncertainties of earlier values", "C&EN: It's Elemental: The Periodic Table Cesium", "Density of melts of alkali metals and their Na-K-Cs and Na-K-Rb ternary systems", "A Basic Rule of Chemistry Can Be Broken, Calculations Show", "Caesium in high oxidation states and as a p-block element", "Forcing Cesium into Higher Oxidation States Using Useful hard x-ray Induced Chemistry under High Pressure", "Effects of relativistic motion of electrons on the chemistry of gold and platinum", "Single-atom electron energy loss spectroscopy of light elements", "The Crystal Structure of Cesium Monoxide", "Nucleosynthesis in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars: Relevance for Galactic Enrichment and Solar System Formation", IEER Report: Transmutation Nuclear Alchemy Gamble, Chernobyl's Legacy: Health, Environmental and Socia-Economic Impacts and Recommendations to the Governments of Belarus, Russian Federation and Ukraine, "Transmutation of Cesium-137 Using Proton Accelerator", "Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth's crust", 10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[175:DOTEIS]2.0.CO;2, "Cesium as a Raw Material: Occurrence and Uses", "The Tanco Pegmatite at Bernic Lake, Manitoba: X. Pollucite", "Lithium, cesium, and rubidiumThe rare alkali metals", "Cesium formate fluid succeeds in North Sea HPHT field trials", "Chemische Analyse durch Spectralbeobachtungen", "Ueber die Darstellung von Rubidium- und Csiumverbindungen und ber die Gewinnung der Metalle selbst", "Cesium Supplier & Technical Information", "The material flow of radioactive cesium-137 in the U.S. 2000", "IsoRay's Cesium-131 Medical Isotope Used In Milestone Procedure Treating Eye Cancers At Tufts-New England Medical Center", "Level and density measurement using non-contact nuclear gauges", "Isotope Tracers Project Resources on Isotopes Cesium", "A Synopsis of Ion Propulsion Development Projects in the United States: SERT I to Deep Space I", "Infrared illumination compositions and articles containing the same", "Accumulation of potassium, rubidium and caesium (, "IAEA director warns of 'dirty bomb' risk", View the reaction of Caesium (most reactive metal in the periodic table) with Fluorine (most reactive non-metal), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caesium&oldid=1137590149, Chemical elements with body-centered cubic structure, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 13:01. You might also experience acute radiation syndrome, which includes such effects as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding, coma, and even death. Legal. [1], Caesium oxide is used in photocathodes to detect infrared signals in devices such as image intensifiers, vacuum photodiodes, photomultipliers, and TV camera tubes[3] Name the base. As long as there is enough oxygen, forming the peroxide releases more energy per mole of metal than forming the simple oxide. Cerium(IV) oxide - Wikipedia The amount of radioactive cesium in food and milk is highly dependent upon several factors. The balanced equation for reaction of solid cesium with liquid water = 2Cs + 2H2O 2CsOH + H2. In some examples, the cesium tungsten oxide nanoparticles and zwitterionic stabilizer may be present in the previously mentioned water-based dispersion, which is incorporated (as a pigment. [71] The pure metal was eventually isolated by the Swedish chemist Carl Setterberg while working on his doctorate with Kekul and Bunsen. [76] The 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures of 1967 defined a second as: "the duration of 9,192,631,770 cycles of microwave light absorbed or emitted by the hyperfine transition of caesium-133 atoms in their ground state undisturbed by external fields". Sodium (and to some extent potassium) form peroxides, \(X_2O_2\), containing the more complicated \(O_2^{2-}\) ion. Rubidium and cesium are typically stored in sealed glass tubes to eliminate contact with air. The lower the activation energy, the faster the reaction. How can I draw activation energy in a diagram? [67] In vacuum applications, caesium dichromate can be reacted with zirconium to produce pure caesium metal without other gaseous products. Animal testing may also be used to identify health effects such as cancer or birth defects. [69], Alternatively, caesium metal may be obtained from the purified compounds derived from the ore. Caesium chloride and the other caesium halides can be reduced at 700 to 800C (1,292 to 1,472F) with calcium or barium, and caesium metal distilled from the result. Granites contain an average cesium concentration of about 1 part of cesium in a million parts of granite (ppm) and sedimentary rocks contain about 4 ppm. An official website of the United States government. The species Cs2O forms yellow-orange hexagonal crystals. Manfred Bick, Horst Prinz, "Cesium and Cesium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. . These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Furthermore, the consequences of external exposure to gamma radiation and beta particles are not unique to 137Cs and 134Cs, but are very similar for all gamma and beta emitting radionuclides. However, this only applies to the lower half of the group, in which the metal ions are large and have a low charge density. Caesium compounds may provide a faster response (CsF) and be less hygroscopic (CsI). strontium-90, cesium-137, and even plutonium - that the company said it would filter . Its advantages include a half-life of roughly 30 years, its availability from the nuclear fuel cycle, and having 137Ba as a stable end product. The equation for the formation of the simple oxide is analogous to the lithium equation: \[ 4Na + O_2 \rightarrow 2Na_2O \label{3}\] The peroxide equation is: Cs(s) + O 2 (g) CsO 2 (s) Reaction of caesium with water Sodium Oxide. The most important source of commercial cesium is a mineral known as pollucite, which usually contains about 5-32% cesium oxide (Cs 2 O). Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Forming the superoxide has an even greater enthalpy change. The level of cesium in air and water is generally very low. . We take your privacy seriously. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet for use in medical devices and gauges. Both the curie (Ci) and the becquerel (Bq) describe the rate of decay and tell us how much a radioactive material decays every second. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in the nation. Identification Product Name Caesium hydroxide hydrate Cat No. Heptacesium oxide Formula: Cs7O. The remaining 90% has a biological half-life between 50 and 150 days. Write an equation to show how cesium oxide can react with water to form a base. The most important source of commercial cesium is a mineral known as pollucite, which usually contains about 5-32% cesium oxide (Cs2O). Cerium(III) oxide, also known as cerium oxide, cerium trioxide, cerium sesquioxide, cerous oxide or dicerium trioxide, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium. [71], From the caesium chloride, the two scientists estimated the atomic weight of the new element at 123.35 (compared to the currently accepted one of 132.9). [109], Caesium salts have been evaluated as antishock reagents following the administration of arsenical drugs. You are exposed to a substance when you come in contact with it. Known year-to-year variation within that period allows correlation with soil and sediment layers. The sublimation energy (1) is the smallest of the alkali metals because the Cs atoms are the biggest. Toxicological Radiocaesium does not accumulate in the body as readily as other fission products (such as radioiodine and radiostrontium). This information is important because this substance may harm you. How can families reduce the risk of exposure to cesium? Cesium | Description, Symbol, Uses, & Facts | Britannica Uses advised against Food, drug, pesticide or biocidal product use. Everyone has small amounts of cesium in their body. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency Cs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium-133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s1. Radioactive decay decreases the concentration of 134Cs and 137Cs. In this event, the Group 1 metal is oxidized to its metal ion and water is reduced to form hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions. After reduction of the hexachloroplatinate with hydrogen, caesium and rubidium were separated by the difference in solubility of their carbonates in alcohol. Huheey, James E., Ellen A. Keiter, and Richard L. Keiter. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. Compounds of nitrogen (nitrates and nitrites) as well as nitrogen gas (N2) dissolve in water but do not react. A small portion is also released in the feces. The hydroxides of calcium, strontium, and barium are only slightly soluble in water; however, enough hydroxide ions are produced to make a basic environment. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Because of their effect on heart rhythms, however, they are less likely to be used than potassium or rubidium salts. Cesium | Public Health Statement | ATSDR - Centers for Disease Control Do not include states. Cesium (chemical symbol Cs) is a soft, flexible, silvery-white metal that becomes liquid near room temperature, but easily bonds with chlorides to create a crystalline powder. It is also one of the byproducts of nuclear fission processes in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons testing. from Wikipedia. Because biochemical processes can confuse and substitute caesium with potassium, excess caesium can lead to hypokalemia, arrhythmia, and acute cardiac arrest, but such amounts would not ordinarily be encountered in natural sources. As mentioned earlier, many Group 1 and Group 2 oxides react with water to form metal hydroxides. Cesium forms a number of mercury amalgams. Legal. How can I draw a simple energy profile for an exothermic reaction in which 100 kJ mol-1 is Why is the respiration reaction exothermic? Being a heavy element, caesium provides good stopping power with better detection. Reactions of Group I Elements with Oxygen - Chemistry LibreTexts The unit cell axes are shown in black. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease The process yielded 9.2 grams (0.32oz) of rubidium chloride and 7.3 grams (0.26oz) of caesium chloride from the initial 44,000litres of mineral water. Electrons in the peroxide ion will be strongly attracted toward the positive ion. However, atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons was halted many years ago, and there have only been two major reactor accidents at nuclear plants where radiocesium was released in significant amounts. The Cesium Oxide Mercuride Cs18Hg8O6 - Wiley Online Library These sites make up the National Priorities List (NPL) and are the sites targeted for long-term federal cleanup activities. Exposure to Cs-137 can increase the risk for cancer because of the presence ofhigh-energy gamma radiation. Radioactive cesium is released to the environment during the normal operation of nuclear power plants, explosion of nuclear weapons, and accidents involving nuclear power plants or nuclear powered satellites or submarines. Forming complicated oxides from the metals releases more energy and makes the system more energetically stable. The resulting surface is bright and shiny. This is represented by their large, negative electrode potentials. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. \(NaH{(s)}+2H_{2}O_{(l)} \longrightarrow\), \(NaH{(s)}+2H_{2}O_{(l)} \longrightarrow Na^+_{(aq)}+OH^-_{(aq)}+H_2 \; {(g)}\). A common characteristic of most Alkali Metals is their ability to displace H2(g) from water. C2H50H reacts with cold water to form solid calcium oxide and gaseous carbon dioxide gas and water formed! It is used in photoelectric cells because caesium-based cathodes, such as the intermetallic compound K2CsSb, have a low threshold voltage for emission of electrons. The hydrogen halides react with water to form hydrohalic acids (\(\ce{HX}\)). From this reaction it is apparent that OH- is produced, creating a basic or alkaline environment. Cesium Hydroxide Hydrate | AMERICAN ELEMENTS [12] Xenon was used in the experimental spacecraft Deep Space 1 launched in 1998. For the most part, Group 14 elements do not react with water. [117][118][119] Plants vary widely in the absorption of caesium, sometimes displaying great resistance to it. solid cesium with liquid water balanced equation We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. In order to soften the water, water treatment plants add an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, such as slake lime [Ca(OH)2]. Caesium iodide (CsI), bromide (CsBr) and caesium fluoride (CsF) crystals are employed for scintillators in scintillation counters widely used in mineral exploration and particle physics research to detect gamma and X-ray radiation. However, radiocesium can enter plants upon falling onto the surface of leaves. Unlike the components of many other heavy liquids, caesium formate is relatively environment-friendly. Other industrial devicesthat measure the thickness of materials such as paper or sheets of metal. CESIUM (Data in metric tons of cesium oxide unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2020, no cesium was mined domestically, and the United States was 100% . This section discusses potential health effects from exposures during the period from conception to maturity at 18 years of age in humans. If caesium is burned in air, the result is mainly formation of orange caesium superoxide, CsO 2. There are relatively few commercial uses for cesium metal and its compounds. How can I draw an elementary reaction in a potential energy diagram? The other type of hard water is permanent hard water. We can write the changes for the Cs atom as (1) Cs (s) Cs (g); H sub = +79 kJ/mol (2) Cs (g) Cs (g); I 1 = +375.7 kJ/mol Here's a video showing the reaction of Cs with water. Lithium (and to some extent sodium) form simple oxides, \(X_2O\), which contain the common \(O^{2-}\) ion . Why are do we called Group 1 and 2 metals "alkali" and "alkaline"? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. People who work in industries that process or use natural cesium or cesium compounds can be exposed to higher-than-normal levels of cesium. Since 1967, the International System of Measurements has based the primary unit of time, the second, on the properties of caesium. Fissioning that occurs without any outside cause is called "spontaneous fission." and Human Services, Public Health Service. Group 13 elements are not very reactive with water. [84][85] Nevertheless, germanium, rubidium, selenium, silicon, tellurium, and several other elements can be substituted for caesium in photosensitive materials.[12]. The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. Hypobromous (\(\ce{HOBr}\)) acid is a weak bleaching agent. 2Cs(s) + 2HO(l) H(g) + 2Cs(aq) + 2OH(aq). If you work in the nuclear power industry, you may also be exposed to higher-than-normal levels of radioactive cesium, but there are many precautionary measures taken at these facilities to minimize this exposure. 2Cs (s) + 2HO (l) H (g) + 2Cs (aq) + 2OH (aq) The reaction is so explosive that it often shatters the container. Medical radiation therapy devices for treating cancer. This can occur with other alkali metals, but caesium is so potent that this explosive reaction can be triggered even by cold water. [82], Caesium is also important for its photoemissive properties, converting light to electron flow. Cs + O 2 CsO 2 . It combines quickly with oxygen in the air and reacts violently with water. Annual Limits on Intake (ALIs) for on-the-job exposure are 100 Ci (1x102 Ci) for 134Cs and 200 Ci (2x102 Ci) for 137Cs. In the same way, the aluminate, carbonate, or hydroxide may be reduced by magnesium. [12], The high density of the caesium formate brine (up to 2.3g/cm3, or 19.2pounds per gallon),[77] coupled with the relatively benign nature of most caesium compounds, reduces the requirement for toxic high-density suspended solids in the drilling fluida significant technological, engineering and environmental advantage. You can review and change the way we collect information below. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. Cesium Oxide is a highly insoluble thermally stable Cesium source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications. Steel cans are made of tinplate (tin-coated steel) or of tin-free steel. Some of the cesium that your body absorbs can remain in your body for weeks or months, but is slowly eliminated from your body through the urine and feces. Ballard, James W., Infrared sensitivity of cesium oxide. and the most acidic oxide is CLO,. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Oxides of Group 1 elements also react with water to create basic solutions. Larger pieces of potassium produce a lilac flame. Caesium - Wikipedia Reaction of caesium with air Caesium (cesium in USA) is very soft and easily cut. From: Epitaxial Growth of Complex Metal Oxides, 2015 Related terms: Nanoparticle ZnO Al2O3 Metal Oxide Conductivity Oxide Nanostructured Material Oxygen Vacancy View all Topics Download as PDF Set alert It is an orange solid. You should understand that cesium only contributed a small fraction of the total radioactivity released following these events. The energy input steps (1) and (2) are related to the activation energy of the reaction. Once again, these are strongly exothermic reactions and the heat produced inevitably decomposes the hydrogen peroxide to water and more oxygen. [98] It has also been used in well logging devices for measuring the electron density of the rock formations, which is analogous to the bulk density of the formations. { Compounds : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Hard_Water : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Reactions_in_Aqueous_Solutions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Reactions_of_Main_Group_Elements_with_Carbonates : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Reactions_of_Main_Group_Elements_with_Halogens : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Reactions_of_Main_Group_Elements_with_Hydrogen : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Reactions_of_Main_Group_Elements_with_Nitrogen : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Reactions_of_Main_Group_Elements_with_Oxygen : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Reactions_of_Main_Group_Elements_with_Water : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "The_s-Block_Elements_in_Biology" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { Elements_Organized_by_Block : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Elements_Organized_by_Group : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Elements_Organized_by_Period : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Main_Group_Reactions : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Periodic_Trends_of_Elemental_Properties : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, Reactions of Main Group Elements with Water, [ "article:topic", "Water", "Halogens", "Hard water", "alkali metals", "showtoc:no", "Noble Gases", "Group 1", "Hydrides", "Oxides", "Carbon Family", "Oxygen Family", "Main Group Elements", "Boron Family", "Alkali Metal Hydrides", "Nitrogen Family", "license:ccbyncsa", "licenseversion:40" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FInorganic_Chemistry%2FSupplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)%2FDescriptive_Chemistry%2FMain_Group_Reactions%2FReactions_of_Main_Group_Elements_with_Water, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\). These factors include the dose (how much), the duration (how long), and how you come in contact with it. Cerium oxide (CeO2) is one of the preferred buffer layers for the fabrication of superconductors, especially for YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) processing. Burning caesium in excess oxygen will produce caesium superoxide. and in x-ray phosphors. Solid cesium oxide is added to water? - Answers Both stable and radioactive cesium are the same element and behave in a similar manner chemically and in the body.