West Yorkshire, The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. However, it should be noted that one reason for the eventual crushing of the revolt is because the vast majority of Catholics in the north stayed loyal to Elizabeth and did not revolt, suggesting that Elizabeth did not face a threat from all Catholics within England, but enough of a threat to be permanently suspicious. 214 High Street, and reversing the religious settlement. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. These ensured the plots were uncovered before they could be fully developed. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. Boston House, Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. He also had a big empire in North and South America and by 1581, he had also become King of Portugal which gave him control of the important Atlantic port of Lisbon. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. As Phillip was a devout Catholic, he disliked Elizabeths religious settlement and Protestanism. Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? AQA GCSE History Paper 2 Section A 8145/2A/C - 16 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 2: British depth study 1HI0 B1-B4 16 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 2: Period study 1HIA P1-P5 - 21 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA A Level History Paper 1 (options A to L) 7042/1C - 26 May 2022 [Exam Chat], OCR A Level History Non-British period study: All Exams - 22 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 1: Thematic study 1HI0 10-13 - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 2 Section B 8145/2B/C - 21 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 2 Section A 8145/2A/A - 16 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 1 Section B 8145/1B/C - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel A Level History Paper 3: 9HI0 30-39 - 22 June 2022 [Exam Chat], AQA GCSE History Paper 1 Section B 8145/1B/B - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel GCSE History Paper 3: Modern depth study 1HI0 30-33 - 9 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], Edexcel A Level History Paper 2: Depth Study 9HI0 2A-2H - 10 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat]. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Company Reg no: 04489574. Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. In July, the Spanish fleet was seen off Cornwall and signal fires known as beacons were lit along the south coast to send the news to the Elizabeth who was in London. Explain why Elizabeth faced many problems upon ascending to the throne in 1558 . Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. Between the period between 1577 and 1580, Drake sailed around the world and carried out a number of raids on Spanish settlements and ships. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. J. She was a Protestant. Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. . Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. This aimed to ensure poor relief was collected. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. (*fragmentary*). July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. Mary, Queen of Scots had been linked to Catholic plots before, but Elizabeth had always been reluctant to take any action against her. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. Most people in . Overall then, despite the question of legitimacy being extremely important due to the fact that Elizabeth could not count on the support of many English Catholics and the fact that it allowed a rival in Scotland to have claims to the throne, the immediate concerns of Elizabeth were of a more practical nature. The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. Here is a summary timeline of key events for students taking Early Elizabethan England (1558-88). Boston Spa, Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. They began to revolt against the Spanish. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. By studying this week, students should have an understanding of: . Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. VAT reg no 816865400. As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. Anyone refusing to pay poor rates could be imprisoned and officials failing to organise poor relief could be fined. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. Born: 7 September 1533. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. Level 4 is about analysis supported by a detailed line of reasoning, so embracing counter-arguments like this are encouraged (so long as they can be explained).]. The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. This meant her ability to govern from the outset was immediately hampered. Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. - The threat increased by the fact that Spain and France were catholic, but Elizabeth had chosen to move her country towards Protestantism. Why religious compromise was so difficult. Marys permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. Cecil was a master of Renaissance statecraft, whose talents as a diplomat, politician, and administrator won him high office and . The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. Student / Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. They were not able to do this because the English used their greater manoeuvrability to stay out of range while firing broadsides (massive barrages of cannonballs) that could sink the Spanish ships. 1. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. Her aggressive stance on some issues led to further problems such as those faced in Ireland. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. Importantly too, Elizabeths fear of the Auld Alliance was heightened by the fact that the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, had declared herself the legitimate Queen of England (owing to the fact that she was Elizabeths second cousin and the granddaughter of Henry VIIIs sister Margaret) and she had the support of many English Catholics. Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Many colonists this time were poverty-stricken Londoners (it was felt they would be used to hard work and would therefore be happy to work for a new life in the New World). As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. John White led another group to Roanoke, 3 years after the attempt to colonise it. Boston House, England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . In 1558, England lost its final possession - the port of Calais - in France. He was younger than Elizabeth but their union was based on a mutual need for France and England to form an alliance. This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North. Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? Those involved planned for an invasion of England by French troops and were financed by Phillip II of Spain and the Pope. 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeths role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. King Philip of Spain sent an. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. 1534 Duke of Angoulme (third son of Francis I)c1542 A Prince of Portugal1543 Son of the Earl of Arran 1544 Prince Philip (Philip II) 1547 Sir Thomas Seymour 1552 Prince of Denmark 1553 Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire 1554 Philibert Emanuel, Duke of Savoy 1554 Prince of Denmark 1556 Prince Eric of Sweden 1556 Don Carlos (son of Philip II)1559 Philip II 1559 Prince Eric of Sweden 1559 Son of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony 1559 Sir William Pickering 1559 Earl of Arran 1559 Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel 1559 Robert Dudley 1560 King Eric of Sweden 1560 Adolphus, Duke of Holstein 1560 King Charles IX 1560 Henry, Duke of Anjou 1566 Robert Dudley 1568 Archduke Charles 1570 Henry Duke of Anjou 1572- 1584 Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Anjou.