This legislation overturned "Black Codes" that had been established in the former Confederate states and had been used to keep African Americans in a near-state of slavery. Johnson deliberately removed himself from the decisions involving Reconstruction. What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. After 10% of a states voters signed a loyalty oath to the Union and the Constitution and abolished slavery, it could hold elections and vote and would be granted a full pardon and readmitted to the Union. The objective is to show the students how the combination of facts, opinions, statistics, and pictures can broaden their understanding of a subject. The teacher may also want to point out that original documents, such as these, retain their original spelling and syntaxeven if incorrect. [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ President Ulysses S. Grant had been elected partly because he seemed to show promise of strong executive leadership, but also because he was viewed in the afterglow of his wartime success. e17bZVXrKW@]snp/bAb Ff# 4} GoBEeNoh,:XDlU@? 1&f<6a&wX5:(mIt%`}o"0`PVi>r#7e^2F+Y{\p^W Its members where southern whites that did not agree with the ideas of Reconstruction. was a name for southern whites who supported Reconstruction in the South, often Republican. Locate the vocabulary word gesticulation in the text. Finally, each state legislature had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in the country and, subsequently, how these attitudes helped or hindered politics upon the conclusion of the Reconstruction era. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. Granted citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law. quizlet.com H6 Reconstruction i. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Return to slavery in a different way. Demonstrate their ability to navigate through a statistical map interactive. This show of weakness seemed to set the tone for Grants administration (1869-77) which, though it seemed to offer some promise to restore order and sanity to the South, actually accomplished very little in this realm. Congressmen? 3 southern states votes came in with 2 sets of counts, 1 Dem, 1 Repub, so the vote went to the House of Representatives who decided Republicans. Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. endstream endobj 118 0 obj <>stream What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? The vote in the Senate was thirtyfive to nineteen in favor of conviction, one short of the necessary twothirds majority. Because of doubts about the constitutionality of the new Civil Rights Act, the congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction drafted the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. %%EOF no, although many blacks stopped participating. Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? HUj@}WDn! Why Did Reconstruction Come to an End? Reconstruction came to an end as a direct result of too many Southerners opposing the reconstruction. f[=v5GS!Q"+x ml\8fzp +l~xZ0&>@U 8!.VUY[ ~A>}et!F2zfJ(9)29v^A4bk`=Nv^OhGEypb6u;Cj=:Ywq1wb)t+BlL;b[n[QO[*+*+!U$w q'YA*O$_gk.0 l4 What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? Were there any black governors in the South during Reconstruction? Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. Did black legislatures outnumber whites in any state legislatures? Most people in the Union supported the Confederacy's Provided food, clothes, transportation, etc. The Ku Klux Klan was a secretive, racist organization who used violence and fear to intimidate freedmen and whites that supported freedmen. Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet The teacher may also wish to visit the two EDSITEment-reviewed websites mentioned above for additional background material concerning reconstruction: America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War and Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. answer choices Reconstruction Freedman's Bureau Black Codes Jim Crow Laws Question 7 900 seconds Q. Both Sharecroppers and Tenant Farmer did not own the land they farmed, but received a share of the profits of the crops Tenant Farmers : Were mostly poor whites who lived and farmed on someone else's land, owned a few tools or supplies which enabled them to make a small profit, because they need not borrow as much on credit. (113M In actuality carpetbaggers were people who came down from the North to help freedmen and poor whites through the Freedmen's Bureau. Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy. Write the letter of the choice that gives the sentence a meaning that is closest to the original sentence. Segregation was ruled unconstitutional and all Jim Crow laws had to be immediately repealed. During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF @{/rd;G[F|!-DStuux2g>w2q}g=,~1tMEDuMz@hN Some of this language may be difficult for students to understand without some guidance. As a result, these farmers remained in a form of economic bondage, tied to the landowner with no foreseeable way of making enough personal profit to become independent. It also made it difficult to enforce Republican plans for Reconstruction or the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. The amendment also denies to anyone who had participated in rebellion against the United States or had given aid and comfort to those in rebellion the right to hold any national or state office, an exclusion intended to undercut Johnson's pardon policy and protect the rights of blacks, particularly those of former slaves and particularly their right to vote. Women's groups withdrew support to work on woman's suffrage. How did Amendments 13, 14, & 15 help African Americans? In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. It forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", Northerners who went south in search for profits; Southners who supported the Republican governments in the South. He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. %%EOF Compare Allende's description of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the narrator and Petrus in "Six Feet of the Country". Analyzing Primary SourcesThis lesson involves using a number of primary source documents authored by a variety of people; some were highly educated, others were less so, and still others were recently freed slaves who were barely literate. Ex. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. Johnson, a Democrat, had little control over Reconstruction policy due to the Republican control of Congress. It tested the Constitution and resulted in a compromise that ended Reconstruction in America. Andrew Johnson. Why did Republicans retreat from their commitment to black voting and civil rights? and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. Congress was divided among Radical, Moderate, and Conservative Republicans and Democrats. What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? What happened to black Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. If the teachers students have little experience evaluating primary source documents, there are several websites that include activities to help students develop these skills. _ State conventions, elected by universal male suffrage, were to draw up new constitutions, which had to give blacks the right to vote and had to be approved by Congress. Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. E&GvBQ"RYP F2;~}i,v K_)DR zdh[_/P&ME *8-pmw(j7Qjcmj9~::$x}v8@;aZwO,qo Senators? The WadeDavis Bill was proposed by the Radical Republicans who sought to punish the South for their rebellion and to reinforce the expectation of loyalty and obedience to the federal government. All of the amendments were made to protect former slaves and their rights but on paper they did not have any rights. This helped to shape the national political debate for generations. Adoption of the amendment was an issue in the 1866 congressional elections, but the president's campaign against it did not work. Evaluating Reconstruction - Central/Southern Tier RAEN In addition to reviewing the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, each group will be assigned to cover one additional (but short) document and make a presentation to the class summarizing the views presented in it. (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` On September 111, 193919391939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. In this sense Reconstruction failed not because of President Grant or even because of southern opposition to civil rights, but because an entire nation--North, South, and West--lost the political and moral will to support the cause of equality before the law. C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI Under the Constitution, the House of Representatives acts as a grand jury in impeachment cases and determines whether there is enough evidence to bring an official to trial. >YpVE$r#]Y@ -7}bKfl[83 Removing #book# Radical Republicans thought it was letting the South off too easily. What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? Question 4 When the groups have completed their worksheets and concluded their discussion, the teacher, as Committee chairman, should lead the groups in brief presentations to the class (the Congressional Committee) highlighting their findings. ]~ys6i`>lp=xY9'X\eQS%'#H 'Id~ti+i0q>?5 xL*m18&) B:17R#Y#>\ Despite the passage of progressive new laws, racist attitudes prevented open access to employment, education, voting, and protection against violence. Historically, scholars have defined Reconstruction as having lasted from 1865 (the end of the American Civil War) until 1877, when a political compromise between the Republican and Democrat parties allowed for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President of the United States on the condition that the last remaining federal troops in the South be removed. For more detailed information on the process of Reconstruction, the teacher is encouraged to visit America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War; for a timeline of major events of Reconstruction during the war itself, of particular use is Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. They had to have enough money to pay poll tax and had to pass a literacy test. Segregation laws were legal in former Confederate states only. To assist Confederate prisoners in returning home safely. Determined to prevent Johnson from interfering with their plan, Radical Republicans pushed through two pieces of legislation in March 1867 intended to severely limit presidential power. accomplished nothing, it was almost never enforced. After reading their assigned document, students should answer the document questions on their worksheet and then proceed to the interactive to answer those questions. hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., It required former Confederate states to include a ban on slavery in their state constitutions. Worked a piece of land for a fixed share of the crop. Where did most black Americans live in 1900? The Command of the Army Act prevented the president from issuing orders to the military except through the general of the army, who at the time was Ulysses S. Grant; additionally, the commanding general could not be removed without the Senate's consent. The teacher may also wish to begin thinking about how the class is to be divided into small groups (3-5 is suggestedbut the teacher should judge the correct size based on the size of the class) as several of the activities in this lesson involve small group work. Once you are finished, click the button below. How did John Wilkes Booth affect Reconstruction? Underline each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is. This hostility gathered strength as scandals continued to supply evidence for its justification. The long alliance between the women's movement and the abolitionist cause broke, and women struggled on their own for another half century for the right to vote. In preparation for teaching this lesson, the teacher should review the entire lesson plan, including introductory background information. These expanding Northern cities were a draw for much of the dislocated workforce in the Southincluding newly freed slaves. that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. But in his first showdown with Congress upon being elected, Grant backed down and accepted a compromise proposal with the Senate even after the House had voted to join him in his opposition to the Act. first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. They were seen as Yankees that were trying to take over the southern states' governments. "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# When duly elected black representatives were expelled from the Georgia legislature, Georgia once again fell under military rule. evaluating reconstruction quizlet Group A: Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis from Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, 1937, Group B: Excerpt from Rev.